The appraiser's operating statement lists landscaping services, administration, and office supplies as what?

The appraiser's operating statement lists landscaping services, administration, and office supplies as variable expenses because these costs can fluctuate based on the level of service or activity needed at a given time. Variable expenses change with the operational needs of the property: for example, if a property owner decides to enhance the landscaping or modify office supplies on hand, these costs will vary accordingly.

In contrast, fixed expenses are costs that remain constant regardless of the operation level, such as property taxes or mortgage payments. Reserves for replacement refer to savings set aside for future major repairs or replacements, and expected expenses typically encompass all costs anticipated to be incurred, without necessarily indicating variability based on operations. Therefore, the nature of landscaping services, administration, and office supplies as costs that can vary situates them firmly within the category of variable expenses.