What is the term for government regulation that deprives a landowner of property value without compensation?

The term for government regulation that deprives a landowner of property value without compensation is referred to as inverse condemnation. This occurs when a government action, such as zoning changes or restrictions, adversely affects the value of a property, effectively taking away its value without the formal process of eminent domain, which requires compensation to the owner.

Inverse condemnation is particularly relevant in situations where government regulations lead to a significant reduction in property value for which property owners have not been compensated. This legal principle allows property owners to seek compensation for their losses when government actions can be deemed to constitute a taking of their property rights, even if the government has not formally exercised eminent domain.

In contrast, the other terms listed have distinct meanings: condemnation is the legal process through which the government takes private property for public use, typically requiring compensation; eminent domain refers to the government's constitutional power to take private property for public benefit while providing compensation; and escheat is the process by which property reverts to the state when there are no legal claimants. Understanding these differences is essential for grasping the nuances of property rights and governmental authority in real estate.