Which of the following is considered a fixed expense in property management?

Property taxes are classified as a fixed expense in property management because they remain constant over a specific period, typically set by local government entities. A property owner usually can anticipate this expense annually, and it does not fluctuate based on the property's occupancy status or market conditions. This predictability helps in budgeting and financial planning for property management.

In contrast, maintenance costs, utilities, and landscaping services can vary from month to month or year to year based on usage, specific needs, seasonality, or service contracts. For instance, maintenance costs may increase if there are unexpected repairs, while utility expenses can fluctuate based on consumption. Landscaping services might also depend on the season or the intensity of service required, adding to their variable nature. Therefore, property taxes stand out as a stable and predictable cost, reinforcing their classification as a fixed expense.